Indicator 9.5.1 - Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP
US research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP
US research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP
Global Metadata
This table provides information on metadata for SDG indicators as defined by the United Nations Statistical Commission. Complete global metadata documentation on all indicators in Goal 9, unless otherwise noted, is provided by the UN Statistics Division.
| SDG Indicator Name | Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP |
|---|---|
| SDG Target Addressed | Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending. |
| Definition of SDG Indicator | The OECD Frascati Manual provides the relevant definitions for research and experimental development, gross domestic expenditure on R&D and researchers. Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. (FM '63) Intramural expenditures are all expenditures for R&D performed within a statistical unit or sector of the economy during a specific period, whatever the source of funds. (FM '358) Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems and also in the management of the projects concerned. (FM '301) Although an OECD manual, the application is global. The Frascati Manual is currently under revision, with the next edition to be released in October 2015. The new edition of the Manual will be a truly global manual. There will be some changes to the definitions provided above, but these are not substantial. |
| UN Designated Tier | 1 |
| UN Custodial Agency | UNESCO-UIS |
U.S. Metadata
This table provides metadata for the actual indicator available from U.S. statistics closest to the corresponding global SDG indicator. Please note that even when the global SDG indicator is fully available from U.S. statistics, this table should be consulted for information on national methodology and other US-specific metadata information
| Method of computation for global SDG indicator | |
|---|---|
| Graph Title | US research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP |
| Actual indicator available | Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP |
| Description of actual indicator available | As stated |
| Method of computation | Data on national R&D expenditures (dollars) divided by data on gross domestic product (dollars) |
| Comments and limitations | This indicator is widely used around the world as a comparative metric for national R&D intensity |
| Periodicity | Annual |
| Time Period | U.S. data for this indicator is available for 1953 to present. The most recent year avaiable in published data is 2015. |
| Unit of measure | percent |
| Disaggregation #1 (Industry or social categories) | Some disaggregation of the indicator is available by R&D performers and sources of R&D funding. |
| Disaggregation #2 (Geographical coverage) | Some disaggregation of the indicator by U.S. geographic regions (mainly, states) is available. |
| Date of public data release from National source | Latest data is October 2017 |
| Date of last Update of This Page | 2017-10-19 |
| Scheduled Update by National source | |
| Scheduled Update by SDG Team | |
| Data Source1 (Agency STAFF NAME) | Mark Boroush |
| Data Source2 (Staff E-MAIL) | mboroush@nsf.gov |
| Data Source3 (Agency/Survey/Dataset name) | National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Patterns of R&D Resources (annual series) |
| Indicator web address (closest to data provided) | http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/natlpatterns/ |
| International and National References | See above National Patterns URL |